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The Meaning of Headlines: 'black and white' - science




The Irish Times published an article on October 15, 2015, with the headline ‘Who’s the daddy? Badger reproduction not black and white.’ What does ‘black and white’ mean?

The online Free Dictionary defines ‘black and white’ as ‘a monochromatic picture’ (like a black and white photograph), something ‘written down or in print, and therefore official’ or ‘involving a very clear distinction, without any gradations’ – in other words, either distinctly right or disinctly wrong. Therefore a subject is said to be ‘black and white’ when there are distinct answers or responses, and a subject that is not ‘black and white’ is contentious, debatable, unclear, open to discussion, and so on.

The article documents a study by Trinity College Dublin on badgers and found that female badgers can be pregnant with several babies from different males at the same time. In other words females can ovulate, fertilize, and implant a second set of eggs during pregnancy (or third or fourth). It is called ‘natural superfoetation’ which is rare among mammals. Professor Nicola Marples said it was a complete surprise. Only the American mink, the brown hare, and the Madagascan tenrec can do this. Researchers now know that badgers can hold at least four fertilized eggs of different ages and therefore likely from four different fathers. This makes it difficult to tell who the father is, or fathers are, when the little badgers (called cubs) are born.

Badgers are similar to otters and weasels; they are omnivorous mammals (they eat everything) with short legs, plump bodies and elongated heads. They have black faces with distinctive white markings.

Scorecard for The Irish Times headline is 100%. Whereas badgers can be black and white, when a female badger has several cubs, knowing who fathered them is not black and white – it is uncertain, unclear, and open to debate.    


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